Statistical modeling
With modern neurophysiological methods able to record neural activity throughout the visual pathway in the context of arbitrarily complex visual stimulation, our understanding of visual system function is becoming lim- ited by the available models of visual neurons that can be directly related to such data. Different forms of statistical models are now being used to probe the cellular and circuit mechanisms shaping neural activity, understand how neural selectivity to complex visual features is computed, and derive the ways in which neurons contribute to systems-level visual processing. However, models that are able to more accurately reproduce observed neural activity often defy simple interpretations. As a result, rather than being used solely to connect with existing theories of visual processing, statistical modeling will increasingly drive the evolution of more sophisticated theories.
We specialize in two main approaches in statistical modeling: (1) supervised "feed-forward" models that predicts neural responses direcly from known experimental covariances, such as the stimulus; and (2) latent variable models that infer unobserved shared factors that can explain some aspects of neural activity across populations. Often the second approach benefits from detailed feedforward models, and together can be leveraged to develop a full picture of representations of sensory and behavioral variables across neural populations.
Supervised statistical models
- [Review] Butts DA (2019) Data-driven approaches to understanding visual neuron activity. Annual Review of Vision Science 5: 451-77. [Link to journal, Preprint]
- Bartsch F, Cumming BG, Butts DA (2021) Model-based characterization of the selectivity of neurons in primary visual cortex. bioRxiv 2021.09.13.460153
- Shi Q, Gupta P, Boukhvalova A, Singer JH, Butts DA (2019) Functional characterization of retinal ganglion cells using tailored nonlinear modeling. Scientific Reports 9: 8713. [PDF, Code]
- Butts DA, Cui Y, Casti ARR (2016) Nonlinear computation shaping temporal processing of pre-cortical vision. Journal of Neurophysiology 116: 1344-57. [Journal website]
- Cui Y, Liu L, Khawaja FA, Pack CC, Butts DA (2013) Diverse suppressive influences in area MT and selectivity to complex motion features. Journal of Neuroscience 33: 16715-28. [PDF]
- McFarland JM, Cui Y, Butts DA (2013) Inferring nonlinear neuronal computation based on physiologically plausible inputs. PLoS Computational Biology 9: e1003143. [PDF] [Code]
Latent variable models
- [Review] Whiteway MR, Butts DA (2019) The quest for interpretable models of neural population activity. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 58: 86-93. [PDF]
- Liska JP, Rowley DP, Nguyen TTK, Muthmann JO, Butts DA, Yates JL, Huk AC (2024) Running modulates primate and rodent visual cortex differently. eLife 12: RP87736. [Open access, Twitter]
- Talluri BC, Kang I, Lazere A, Quinn KR, Kaliss N, Yates JL, Butts DA, Nienborg H (2023) Activity in primate visual cortex is minimally driven by spontaneous movements. Nature Neuroscience 26 (11): 1953-9. [Open Access, Twitter summary]
- Vafaii H, Yates JL, Butts DA (2023) Hierarchical VAEs provide a normative account of motion processing in the primate brain. bioRxiv 2023.09.27.559646 (presented at NeurIPS 2023). [NeurIPS, Twitter]
- Whiteway MR, Averbeck B, Butts DA (2020) A latent variable approach to decoding neural population activity. bioRxiv: 896423. [Link]
- Whiteway MR, Socha K, Bonin V, Butts DA (2019) Characterizing the nonlinear structure of shared variability in cortical neuron populations using latent variable models. Neurons, Behavior, Data Analysis, and Theory [Article, PDF]
- Whiteway MR, Butts DA (2017) Revealing unobserved factors underlying cortical activity using a rectified latent variable model applied to neural population recordings. Journal of Neurophysiology 117: 919-36. [Journal website]